Photographic printing offers a wide range of choices, and understanding the nuances of different paper types is crucial for achieving the desired results. Among the most common options are resin-coated (RC) and fiber-based (FB) papers. The choice between resin-coated and fiber-based paper can significantly impact the final print’s look, feel, and longevity. This article delves into the distinctions between these two popular types of photographic paper, exploring their composition, characteristics, and ideal applications.
What is Resin-Coated (RC) Paper?
Resin-coated paper consists of a paper base sandwiched between layers of polyethylene plastic. This coating makes the paper water-resistant and significantly reduces processing times.
The plastic layers prevent chemicals from being absorbed into the paper fibers, which speeds up washing and drying. RC paper is a favorite among photographers who value efficiency and convenience.
This type of paper is known for its ease of use and consistent results.
Key Characteristics of Resin-Coated Paper
- Water Resistance: The polyethylene coating makes RC paper highly water-resistant.
- Faster Processing: Reduced chemical absorption leads to quicker development, fixing, washing, and drying times.
- Smooth Surface: RC paper typically has a smooth, glossy, or pearl surface finish.
- Lower Cost: Generally, RC paper is more affordable than fiber-based paper.
- Less Archival: While improvements have been made, RC paper is generally considered less archival than fiber-based options.
What is Fiber-Based (FB) Paper?
Fiber-based paper, in contrast, is made from a paper base typically composed of cotton or wood pulp fibers. It lacks the plastic coating found in RC paper.
This traditional paper absorbs chemicals more readily, requiring longer processing times. However, it offers a unique aesthetic and archival qualities prized by many photographers.
FB paper is often preferred for fine art prints and exhibitions where longevity and image quality are paramount.
Key Characteristics of Fiber-Based Paper
- Absorbent: The paper base readily absorbs chemicals, requiring longer processing.
- Longer Processing: Development, fixing, washing, and drying take considerably longer than with RC paper.
- Variety of Surfaces: FB paper comes in a wide range of surfaces, including glossy, matte, and textured options.
- Higher Cost: Fiber-based paper is generally more expensive than resin-coated paper.
- Excellent Archival Qualities: When properly processed, FB paper offers superior archival permanence.
Processing Differences
The processing of RC and FB papers differs significantly due to their construction. RC paper’s water-resistant coating drastically reduces the time required for each processing step.
FB paper, on the other hand, demands meticulous attention to detail and extended processing times. This includes thorough washing to remove all traces of chemicals, which is crucial for archival permanence.
The choice of developer, fixer, and toner can also impact the final print quality and longevity of both paper types.
Drying Considerations
Drying RC paper is relatively straightforward. It can be air-dried or dried with a print dryer without significant issues. The plastic coating prevents the paper from curling excessively.
Drying FB paper requires more care. As the paper dries, the fibers contract, leading to significant curling. To combat this, FB prints are typically dried flat under weight or on a heated print dryer designed for fiber-based papers.
Proper drying techniques are essential for preserving the flatness and integrity of fiber-based prints.
Archival Qualities: A Critical Comparison
Archival quality refers to a print’s ability to resist deterioration over time. Fiber-based paper, when properly processed, offers superior archival qualities compared to resin-coated paper.
The thorough washing process removes residual chemicals that can cause fading, staining, or discoloration. The absence of plastic also allows the paper to “breathe,” reducing the risk of degradation.
While RC paper has improved in recent years, it is still generally considered less archival due to the potential for the plastic coating to break down over time.
Toning for Longevity and Aesthetics
Toning is a process that involves treating a print with chemical solutions to enhance its image tone and improve its archival properties. Both RC and FB papers can be toned, but the effects are often more pronounced on fiber-based paper.
Selenium toning, for example, can increase the density of the blacks and improve the print’s resistance to fading. Gold toning can shift the image tone towards a warmer or cooler hue while also enhancing its archival permanence.
The choice of toner depends on the desired aesthetic and the specific characteristics of the paper.
Surface Texture and Image Quality
Both RC and FB papers are available in a variety of surface textures, including glossy, matte, semi-matte, and pearl. The surface texture affects the way light reflects off the print and influences the perceived sharpness and contrast.
Glossy surfaces tend to produce the highest contrast and detail, while matte surfaces offer a softer, more diffused look. Fiber-based papers often exhibit a greater range of subtle tonal variations and a richer, more nuanced image quality.
The choice of surface texture is a matter of personal preference and depends on the subject matter and desired effect.
Cost Considerations
Resin-coated paper is generally more affordable than fiber-based paper. This is due to the simpler manufacturing process and the lower cost of materials.
Fiber-based paper requires more expensive materials and a more labor-intensive manufacturing process, which contributes to its higher price.
The cost difference can be a significant factor for photographers on a budget or those who produce large quantities of prints.
Applications: Choosing the Right Paper
The choice between RC and FB paper depends on the specific application and the desired outcome. RC paper is well-suited for general-purpose printing, contact sheets, and situations where speed and cost are important.
Fiber-based paper is the preferred choice for fine art prints, exhibitions, and archival purposes where longevity and image quality are paramount.
Consider the intended use, budget, and desired aesthetic when selecting the appropriate paper type.
